KOCH & VIRUS VS. EXOSOME

Virus = Exosome?

.1. KOCH’S POSTULATES

.2. KAUFMAN VIDEO ON EXOSOMES & COVID-19 VIRUSES

I’ve concluded that the original Koch postulates were inadequate to deal with complex biology. But Kaufman may be right that viruses are exosomes. The video is very informative.

.1. KOCH'S POSTULATES WERE SHORT-SIGHTED

_10.1E: Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/10%3A_Epidemiology/10.01%3A_Principles_of_Epidemiology/10.1E%3A_Exceptions_to_Kochs_Postulates

Koch abandoned the requirement of the first postulate altogether when he discovered asymptomatic carriers of cholera and, later, of typhoid fever. Asymptomatic or subclinical infection carriers are now known to be a common feature of many infectious diseases, especially viruses such as polio, herpes simplex, HIV, and hepatitis C.
The second postulate may also be suspended for certain microorganisms or entities that cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture, such as prions responsible for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
The third postulate specifies “should”, not “must”, because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, that not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will acquire the infection. Noninfection may be due to such factors as general health and proper immune functioning; acquired immunity from previous exposure or vaccination; or genetic immunity, as with the resistance to malaria conferred by possessing at least one sickle cell allele.

_Koch’s postulates and its limitations
https://microbenotes.com/kochs-postulates-and-its-limitations/

Here are Koch’s postulates for the 21st century as suggested by Fredricks and Relman:
1. A nucleic acid sequence belonging to a putative pathogen should be present in most cases of an infectious disease. Microbial nucleic acids should be found preferentially in those organs or gross anatomic sites known to be diseased, and not in those organs that lack pathology.
2. Fewer, or no, copy numbers of pathogen-associated nucleic acid sequences should occur in hosts or tissues without the disease.
3. With the resolution of disease, the copy number of pathogen-associated nucleic acid sequences should decrease or become undetectable. With clinical relapse, the opposite should occur.
4. When sequence detection predates disease or sequence copy number correlates with severity of disease or pathology, the sequence-disease association is more likely to be a causal relationship.
5. The nature of the microorganism inferred from the available sequence should be consistent with the known biological characteristics of that group of organisms.
6. Tissue-sequence correlates should be sought at the cellular level: efforts should be made to demonstrate specific in situ hybridization of microbial sequence to areas of tissue pathology and to visible microorganisms or to areas where microorganisms are presumed to be located.
7. These sequence-based forms of evidence for microbial causation should be reproducible.

_See also Viruses and Koch's Postulates
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16559982/

.2. KAUFMAN VIDEO ON EXOSOMES & COVID-19 VIRUSES

I looked over this article and found the link to Kaufman’s video from March 2020.

Is Coronavirus Contagious? https://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/is-coronavirus-contagious/#gsc.tab=0

SPECIAL REPORT: Humanity is NOT a virus! {Below the video I show images from the video along with a partial transcript.}

Andrew Kaufman shows that viruses may be exosomes.

At 16'38" shows exosomes in a cell and leaving and entering a cell

Exosomes by Cell on the Left. Orange Arrows point to Covid-19 viruses by Cell on Right. .5 microns = 500 nanometers.

The virus has the same characteristics as exosomes.

Some virologists consider the virus to be an exosome.

Kaufman said here that arsenic is one of the toxins mentioned in one paper. Arsenic was also the likely original partial cause of polio {along with the polio virus, according to my polio paper}. He said stress can cause false positive PCR test results, when it’s likely really exosomes. And EMFs haven’t been studied yet for inducing exosomes.

These images are at different magnifications. Both are from the same science paper. Kaufman said one is exosomes from lung cancer tissue. The other is Covid-19 viruses from lung cancer tissue. He asked if the viewer can see a difference.

He said this shows exosomes removing toxins. The purple dots are toxins. If they touch the cell, they puncture the cell and its contents spill out and the cell will die. The cell is releasing exosomes, which are capturing the purple dots, preventing them from touching the cell. The large gray objects on the right are bacteria.

At 50’17” Kaufman mentions that when we cough, we expel some of the exosomes from our lungs.

At 53’ he said 5G may have an effect on inducing exosomes, but it’s not definitive yet. Earlier he discussed the absurdity of the PCR tests.

MY CONCLUSION: Viruses may be Exosomes!

Kaufman mentioned above that some of our exosomes are likely expelled when we cough. It was discovered last year or so that the air near a mountaintop in Europe, maybe Spain or France, contains thousands or millions of viruses, which means the same is likely true everywhere and those viruses may all be exosomes from different creatures and humans. I suspect that some exosomes are toxic to some humans and other creatures and therefore contagious.

I found this interesting article, called “Exosomes mediate horizontal transmission of viral pathogens from insect vectors to plant phloem” which has this image of Exosomes containing viruses.

The graph at the bottom shows that empty Exosomes are smaller than those containing viruses. If viruses are Exosomes, then that would mean Exosomes can engulf other Exosomes.

Here’s a video from 4 years ago, called Viruses That Infect...Other Viruses

So that may actually be Exosomes ingesting Exosomes again.

I have some more info I wanted to share here, but, if it seems important enough, I’ll just write another post for that. If not important enough, I won’t.